Thank you for a beautiful article, I think perspective and context is a wonderful thing. We will solve the battery challenge. I did projects in the labs where the transistor was first crafted. Also in New Jersey searching for microwave interference we (humans) discovered background noise originating from every direction which led to interesting hypothesis about where we are and our cosmos origins. Some of these background noise activities disrupted the TV signal of an elderly lady in the nearby neighborhood who complained that it interfered with her soap opera viewing each afternoon around 13:30. It turns out she was correct.

Nevertheless, let me get to business and add what I rank as an astounding contribution. John Tukey articulated and termed the smallest piece of information, a “bit”. Claude Shannon put it to good use it in “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”. Of course we could spiral back to Bacon or the Sumerians but let’s set that digression aside and contemplate Tukey’s and Shannon’s contribution to the transistor and the invaluable contributions to solving the battery challenge.

A 1,000 mile range programmable all electric vehicle will be an important piece to the next global revolution. The sooner the better.